Botanical name- Glycerrhiza glabra Linn Family- Leguminoceae
Common name- English- Liquorice, Hindi- Madhuyashti, Sanskrit- Madhuka
Description – It is a native of Southern Europe. H5N1 perinneal herb 1-1.5 mtrs inwards height. Root long, reddish yellow, rootage together with bark scope multiple branches. Leaves- chemical compound leaflets. Flowers – pinkish. Pods- three cm long, flat. It contains 2-5 squared seeds. Flowers inwards summertime together with seeds inwards rainy season
Part used – Roots
Chemical constituents- Triterpene saponins-Glycyrrhizin (glycyrrhizic acid) is the major saponin, responsible for the sugariness sense of savour of liquorice, together with its aglycone, glycyrrhetinic acid; together amongst other derivatives together with glycosides such equally glycyrrhizol, glabrins H5N1 together with B, glycyrrhetol, glabrolide, isoglabrolide together with others.
Flavonoids together with Isoflavonoids - Liquiritin, which during drying together with storage undergoes partial conversion to isoliquiritin; their aglycones, liquiritigenin together with isoliquiritigenin, isolicoflavonol, licoagrodione, glucoliquiritin apioside, prenyllicoflavone A, shinflavone, shinpterocarpin, I-methoxyphyaseollin together with rhamnoliquirilin. H5N1 multifariousness of isoflavones are too reported shape the plant, including formononetin, glabrene, neoliquiritin, hispaglabridin H5N1 together with B, glabridin, glabrol, 3-hydroxyglarol, glycyrrhisflavone, 4-0-methylglabridin, 3' -hydroxy-4' -0-methylglabridin together with many 2-methyl isoflavones. Coumarins together with coumestan drivatives-Herniarin, umbelliferone, C-liqucoumarin, 6-acetyl-5,hydroxy-4-methyl coumarin, glycycoumarin together with licopyanocoumarin bring been identified.
Phytosterols -Stigmasterol, onocerin, β-Sitosterol together with β-amyrin.
Volatile oils --Liquorice contains a describe amount (0,5%) of volatile oil, containing anethole, estragole, eugenol together with hexanoic acid equally the principal constituents.
Traditional uses-It is used equally a tonic, laxative, demulcent, expectorant together with emollient inwards many traditional systems of medicine. It finds item utilization inwards cough, catarrh, bronchitis, fever, gastritis, gastric together with duodenal ulcers together with peel diseases together with equally a full general tonic. It has been applied externally to cuts together with wounds together with used inwards the handling of hyperdipsia, genitourinary diseases together with many other tyke indications, including equally a corticosteroid replacement agent.
Medicinal together with pharmacological action-Antiulcer activity: Liquorice has a well-documented antiulcer action, beingness equally effective equally cimetidine together with pirenzapine inwards curing peptic ulcer. An Ayurvedic grooming containing liquorice increased β-glucuronidase activity inwards the Brunner's glands, offering protection against duodenal ulcer.
Hepatoprotedive activity: Liquorice is used traditionally for the prevention of liver diseases. Administration to experimental animals increased the duration of the lag stage of ascorbate costless radical oxidation inwards the liver together with myocardium, the antioxidant activity of the rootage pulverisation beingness comparable to that of I)-carotene, together with markedly decreased lipid peroxides inwards liver. An alcoholic extract increased the cumulative biliary together with urinary excretion of acetaminophen without affecting the thioether or sulphate conjugates together with too increased glucuronidation inwards rats, suggesting it may intluence detoxification of xenobiotics.
Antioxidant adivity: An investigation using the isotlavonoids of liquorice focused on their mightiness to protect the liver mitochondria against oxidative stresses. This lawsuit was linked amongst the inhibition of mitochondrial lipid peroxidation-related respiratory electron transport. Glabridin together with its derivatives contributed to the antioxidant activity induced past times heavy metallic ions together with macrophages against depression density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation. LDL oxidation is a major factor inwards the production aetiology of early on arteriosclerosis. The isotlavans too showed a strong scavenging lawsuit on the DPPH radical together with were able to chelate heavy metals. This activity was associated amongst the hydroxy functional grouping equally good equally the hydrophobic moiety of the isotlavans. Glabridin too inhibited the susceptibility ofLDL to oxidation inwards an atherosclerotic apolipoprotein east deficient together with inwards vitro human LDL oxidation model together with prevented the consumption of I)-carotene together with lycopene. Further experiments amongst glabridin together with accompanying isotlavans suggested that glabridin is a strong inhibitor of cholesterollinoleate hydroperoxide formation.
Antimicrobial adivity: Extracts containing tlavonoids showed pregnant antimycotic activity when evaluated using strains of Candida albicans isolated from clinical samples of needlelike vaginitis. Flavonoid constituents isolated from liquorice hairy rootage cultures too exhibited antimicrobial activity when tested past times the disc diffusion method. Hispaglabridin H5N1 together with B, glabridin, glabrol, 3-hydroxyglabrol together with 4' -O-methylglabridin bring demonstrated pregnant antimicrobial activity.
Anticancer adivity: Liquorice potentiated the antitumour together with antimetastatic activity of cyclophosphamide when tested inwards . metastasising Lewis lung carcinoma. Extracts bring been assayed for cytotoxicity inwards vitro using the Yoshida ascites sarcoma; the stone oil ether extract exhibited a to a greater extent than strong activity than other solvent extracts. Liquorice has too been shown to protect against peel tumorigenesis caused past times DMBA (7,12-dimethyl-benz [a] anthracene) initiation together with 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) promotion. The latency menses of neoplasm onslaught was increased together with the lay out of tumours decreased, peradventure past times inhibiting the carcinogen metabolism afterwards deoxyribonucleic acid adduct formation.
Antimutagenic adivity: Glycyrrhiza glabra rootage together with its isolated constituents were tested against ethyl methanesulphonate, N-methyl-N' -nitro- due north -nitrosoguanidine together with ribose-lysine Maillard models of mutagenesis using a Salmonella microsome reversion assay. The extract showed antimutagenic activity against ethyl methanesulphonate together with 18-β glycyrrhetinic acid exhibited a pregnant des mutagenic activity against ribose-lysine mutagenic browning mixture.
Antiinflammatory adivity: Glycyrrhizin inhibited thrombin-induced platelet aggregation, which indicates antiinflammatory activity. It too prolonged plasma recalcification together with fibrogen clotting times. Glyderinine, a derivative of glycyrrhizic acid, reduced inflammation via the adrenal cortex, suppressed vascular permeability together with allergic together with antipyretic activity, without causing haemopoiesis or ulceration.
HOMOEOPATHIC USES –
Anticancer adivity: Liquorice potentiated the antitumour together with antimetastatic activity of cyclophosphamide when tested inwards . metastasising Lewis lung carcinoma. Extracts bring been assayed for cytotoxicity inwards vitro using the Yoshida ascites sarcoma; the stone oil ether extract exhibited a to a greater extent than strong activity than other solvent extracts. Liquorice has too been shown to protect against peel tumorigenesis caused past times DMBA (7,12-dimethyl-benz [a] anthracene) initiation together with 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) promotion. The latency menses of neoplasm onslaught was increased together with the lay out of tumours decreased, peradventure past times inhibiting the carcinogen metabolism afterwards deoxyribonucleic acid adduct formation.
Antimutagenic adivity: Glycyrrhiza glabra rootage together with its isolated constituents were tested against ethyl methanesulphonate, N-methyl-N' -nitro- due north -nitrosoguanidine together with ribose-lysine Maillard models of mutagenesis using a Salmonella microsome reversion assay. The extract showed antimutagenic activity against ethyl methanesulphonate together with 18-β glycyrrhetinic acid exhibited a pregnant des mutagenic activity against ribose-lysine mutagenic browning mixture.
Antiinflammatory adivity: Glycyrrhizin inhibited thrombin-induced platelet aggregation, which indicates antiinflammatory activity. It too prolonged plasma recalcification together with fibrogen clotting times. Glyderinine, a derivative of glycyrrhizic acid, reduced inflammation via the adrenal cortex, suppressed vascular permeability together with allergic together with antipyretic activity, without causing haemopoiesis or ulceration.
· Used equally anti-inflammatory together with expectorant
· Useful inwards irritating cough, sore throat, mutual frigidity together with bronchitis
· Research constitute it useful similar corticosteroids without their side effects
· Inhibits the growth of prostate cancer
· Helps inwards reduction of trunk fat- reduces blood cholesterol
· Used for oligospermia, increases sperm count